False nails have been around since the 1930's and have made a lot of advances since then. There is plenty of information regarding these items because they are wildly popular.
Types
There are several different false nails. They include wraps, gel, press on, and acrylic. There are even specialty types of false nails too, such as Diamond Dust nails. The prices vary from type to type.
Acrylic nails are pretty much standard when going to a salon. These nails can last for up to two weeks before needing to be replaced. There are many benefits to these nails. For example, if removed right they are not all that damaging to the natural nail. They tend to be the longest lasting and most durable in among false nails. Also, they are one of the most affordable types.
Unfortunately, the natural nails can be weakened or damaged from the filling before even adding the nails. Another problem is that there are many people that don't apply them right. This makes them look gaudy. Another issue is you can end up getting a fungal infection if the nails are not maintained properly. Do not get water trapped under the nails, it can not only weaken the acrylic nails adhesion to the natural nail but also can cause the much dreaded nail fungus that is associated with acrylic nails.
Gel nails are a very popular option because they look and feel great. Many consider them to be more natural looking than other types of artificial nails and the application does not involve fumes or odors. These gel nails are formed differently, too. The artist applies a liquid chemical gel that is set under a UV lamp. The light and heat sets the nails so they can be shaped and styled. There is non-UV gels are formed by another type of chemical activator over the gel. These have a clear, shiny finish that typically does not yellow.
Unfortunately, they are expensive to get and maintain. They also must grow out and be filed down to actually remove them.
In regards to the wraps, they are used to repair broken finger nails and tips. They are typically considered to be more of an extension and nail tip strengtheners. They are made of fine layers of silk, tissue, linen, or fiber and are pre-shaped. They are a low maintenance way to repair nails. Unfortunately, they don't withstand as much wear as other options and when they are made of linen they tend to look very fake.
Press-on false nails are great for an inexpensive quick application. They are very much temporary and can withstand very little pressure. It is best to get them done professionally for a longer use, but if that is what you can afford there are ways to make them look real, they will not last long beyond an event or a function.